Improvement in looms for weaving hair-cloth



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL B. OHAFFEE, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, FOR HIMSELF AND AS ADMINISTRATOR OF S. M. CHAFFEE.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING HAIR-CLOTH.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 21,793, dated October 12, 1858.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL B. CHAEEEE, (in connection with SAMUEL M. CHAFEEE, now deceased,) of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, "have invented certain Improvements in the Power Loom for leaving Hair-Cloth; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the loom complete. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the outer selvage-cam. Fig. 4 is a similar view of the inner selvage-cam. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the other cams for working the treadles. Fig. 6 shows the arrangement for opening and shutting the jaws of the nippers at the end of the shuttle. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the selvage-carns and the treadles and harness connected with them. Fig. 8 shows the shuttle-point closed. Fig. 9 shows the same open to receive a hair from the cylinder. Fig. l0 is a view of the hair-cylinder. Fig. 11 shows the mode in which the cam-shaft is driven.

The same part is marked with the same letter in all the figures.

Our invention consists in the improvements in the hair-cloth loom hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings, A marks the frame of the machine. Transversely across the top of this frame is placed in the position shown the main shaft B, to which the driving-power is applied in any convenient mode. This shaft has on one end a wheel C, havinga rod D pivoted to it and connectingit with the sword E of the lathe. On the other end of shaft B is a spur-wheel F, meshing into wheel G on the end of oross-shaft II. This wheel F has a rod D' attached to it in the same way as rod D is attached to wheel C and pivoted to the sword of the lathe. These two rods D D act in concert to give the reciprocating or vibrating motion to the lathe. The crossshaft II carries two cams I I', which actuate rods K K by means of pins ct a', attached to said rods and resting on the upper surface of the cams, as shown in Fig. 2. The rods K K are hinged at L. To their free ends are attached cords b o', which connect with a series of levers M M M" M which give a reciprocating or vibratory moment to lever M as the rods I I alternately rise and fall. The lever M is attached by rod N to the jack-shaft O, which it causes to vibrate in the slot in the shuttle-box P. The jack staff O passes through a slot in the end of the shuttle and imparts the required reciprocating motion to it. The shuttle is a long rod sliding freely7 in the boxer trough P. Its point is composed of a pair of nippers R, closed by a spring, which keeps the inner end of the upper jaw pressed upward, as seen in Fig.Sl When the shuttle-point is thrown forward, it passes undera rollerV, which, pressing down the inner end of lthe upper jaw of the nippers, opens these, as seen in Fig. 9. The roller V plays on the bent end ot a rod V', which passes through a slot in the lathe. This rod is capahleof vertical reciprocating movement in guides, and is held down by a spring d on the lathe. Vhen the lathe is thrown forward, the lower end of rod V is brought directly over the broad seat on the end of lever T,

which is at the same moment caused,` to rise by the operation of cam S on its other arm. (See Fig. The arm of lever T, which is depressed by cam S, is brought 'up after the passage of the cam by spring U.

The cylinder X contains the hair for the lling, which is kept wet. The top edge of this cylinder has notches covered with buttons for the passage of the hair to the shuttle. Its shaft Y is vertical and has a bevel-pinion Z at its lower end gearing into bevel-wheel Z on the end of a short horizontal shaft, on whose other extremity is the ratchet-wheel Z, driven by a pawl attached to the sword of the lathe.

The operation of that part of the loom which has thus far been described is as follows: As the main shaft B revolves, the lathe is caused to beat up and be thrown back by means of the rods D D', connected as shown. At the same time the shaft l-I is revolved, and by means of cams I I', rods K K', lever M, rod N, and jack-staff O, gives the required motions to the shuttle. The nippers, which form the point of the shuttle, open as they approach the hair-cylinder by the pressure of roller V, as before described, and they close when the vage of the cloth.

lathe has beat upf by the relief of that pressure. When thus closed, they are drawn back, carrying with thein the hair forthe lling. Then sufficiently far back, they are opened. to release the hairby the knee e, which may be placed at any point required by the Width of the cloth.

y The other cams are alike and have the form shown in Fig. 5. These seven cams actuate, respectively, the seven treadles E E'2 E3 E4 E6 E7 by means of pinsz' t, attached to the treadles and traversing the grooves in the earns as these revolve. The treadles are connected at their upper ends by ycords vto their respective harness and heddles. The cams D2 D3 work the treadles connected with the heddles, which carry the web for the selrlhe other cams control lthe web for the body of the cloth. The cams are so placed on the shaft C asto operate the treadles and heddles in the following order: At the commencement of the operation the heddles controlled by cams D3 and Dsare drawn up, While the other live are down. These form the first shed. The second shed is formed by the descent of the heddle controlled by D8 and the rising of that worked by D6, the front selvage-heddle D3 remaining up. The third shed is formed by the rise of heddles connected with D3 and D4, the others being down. The fifth shed is formed by the rise of heddles connected with cams D2 and D7, the others being down, and the sixth and last shed is the same as the first. The op eration is now repeated. Through each shed the shuttle draws the' hair for the filling, Aand the lathe is beat up in the usua-l way.'

The web, prepared in the usual way, is divided among the seven heddles, the portion lhe formation of the successi ve sheds th rough which the shuttle passes assigned to the selvage-heddles depending 'The use of independentlybperated heddles saves this gearing of cords and Weights, and is therefore an economical advantage. Again, the selvage-heddles Were-so attached to the cords referred to that when the loom was in operation they were carried part way down by the Weightand twitched back by the cords, one of them once and the other twice, before reaching the place where their office is to be performed. These motions, which are not only unnecessary, but positively injurious to the fabric, wearing it out by friction, are got rid of by the use of independent heddles In our loom the selvage-heddles rise and fall only when they are required to do so to form the selvage, remaining stationary at other times. The warp is therefore not needlessly Worn. In the old mode the cords connecting the heddles are liable to become entangled, preventing the formationof a perfectselvage, afault completely remedied by the regular independent and reliable action of the heddles in our i-mproved loom.

That we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y 1. Forming the selvage of hair-cloth by means of asetof hedd-lesjoperati'ng independently of the heddles used in :forming the rest of the cloth, substantially as described and shown. A, p

2. The method described-of operating the jack-staff by the combination ot' the cams I I', rods K K', levers M, and rod N, as speciiied.

SAMUEL B. VCyl-IAFFEE, For self' and as administrator upon the estate of Samuel lll. Ohajjfee. Attest:

ALEXR. T. BRITTON, BENJAiuIN D. JONES. 

